As we flew over the Tracy airport, we noticed that it has now been re-opened after the runways were resurfaced and painted. Srinath started off by performing steep turns near Tracy. Next was slow flight, stall in the clean configuration and an approach to landing stall. Here is a sequence of steps for an approach to landing stall – first establish a steady descent, lower RPM to the airport pattern rate, full flaps and then trigger the stall. For recovery, drop the nose to break the stall, turn off carburetor heat, full power and minimize altitude loss.
Steve pulled off power simulating an engine out situation. Then a few landings at New Jerusalem followed by ground reference maneuver – turns around a crop circle, then turns around a point.
Upon landing at Livermore, we saw a very rare aircraft taxiing past us. It was a Bellanca Aries (N250DJ) – only one of 2 still flying out of the 4 aircraft ever made. This one was owned by Jim Rhoades of Livermore. See more details on this blog.
Last week on September 8, Srinath flew a bunch of touch and go’s at New Jerusalem. One was a “there is a cow on the runway” go-around.
We took off today and flew the usual right downwind departure. While flying over brushy peak, traffic controller alerted us to traffic in the vicinity which took us a while to locate. By that time we neared Tracy and Steve observed that the runways which had been closed for re-surfacing were getting ready and now being painted.
Today, Srinath had a chance to practice soft field takeoff and landings at New Jerusalem. Steve demonstrated it first and then let Srinath try it out a few times. On the way back to Livermore, we chatted quite a bit about how these require some of the most finessed piloting techniques.
After reviewing audio from the previous flight’s recording, we determined that the intercom was not working on the rear inputs. We can only hear the radio come through so unfortunately none of the cockpit chatter was recorded. While I squawked about this issue, since the plane is owned by Five Rivers Aviation it is really up to them to fix it.
Departed Livermore in the evening into a headwind. We flew our regular course towards Byron but the ASOS reported winds were too strong from 220 at 15 gusting to 21. Steve decided we should head towards New Jerusalem instead so we banked right over Fore Bay and did two sets of steep turns to the left then to the right. Followed by slow flight with shallow turns, power-off stall, a stall on right turn and a power-on stall. Then we did an engine out simulation.
By now the Byron area winds have increased to 20kts@220. We shot a straight in landing on Rwy 23. It was really bumpy over Fore Bay and more so as we approached the runway. We ended up being too high so the first approach and a landing wasn’t salvageable. We did a go-around and gave it one more try (good landing this time) before heading back to Livermore.
The Flying Particles club has added a new 1976 Cessna 172N Skyhawk. Unlike N25ES which was owned, the club has leased N906MD from Pete Sandhu at Five Rivers Aviation, LLC who is going to soon open and operate a new FBO out of the Livermore airport. 6MD has the same 180hp Lycoming 0-320 Series engine as 25ES but it is equipped with Garmin GNS-430 GPS.
Srinath flew 6MD today and it has been almost 3 months since Srinath last flew. His last flight was the solo on May 28. So he went back to brushing up on air work – power off stalls, stalls in the landing configuration and power-on stalls. Then we did an engine out simulation and after a couple of landings at Byron, we returned to Livermore.
N25ES has now been determined by the insurance assessor as a total loss and the club is in the process of finding a replacement 172. Steve was supportive when I asked if I could fly the club’s 1981 Cessna 152 (N6475Q) in the interest of staying in touch with my flying skills. I flew the 152 for the first time on July 24 to get a feel for the plane. I had not remembered to charge the batteries on my GoPro the previous night so there is no video archive from that first-time experience.
N6475Q is different from N25ES in many ways. For starters, it is a 2-seater aircraft (vs. 4-seat) and has a significantly lighter empty weight of 1165lbs (vs. 1459lbs). The plane is very sensitive to control inputs because of its light weight and the ride is also bumpier as it is easily tossed around by wind. The seats feel like they are almost at floor level with the legs pretty much extended straight ahead to the rudder pedals. I found it harder to get in and out of the plane. Seats slide front-to-back and the backrest has a single reclining position flopping flat on the seat in order to reach the luggage compartment. Front seats on the 172 have height adjustment, seat back reclining angle adjustment and they slide front-to back. The engine is a 115hp Lycoming 0-235 (vs. 180hp Lycoming 0-320 series). The most noticeable difference was during climb outs after takeoff due to the weaker engine. I’m used to a regular climb on the 172 but the angle of attack has to be much shallower on the 152 in order to avoid a power-on stall. Roughly 67-70 kts Vy for the climb (vs. roughly 76-80 kts) and 60 kts on the landing approach (vs. 65 kts). Right after takeoff, we needed to level off to gain airspeed before climbing out.
I’m flying 75Q today again and we did a bunch of touch-and-go at Livermore. Towards the end we were switched to runway 25L and on the last approach, I was way too high and too fast so I did a go-around and requested tower to switch us to 25R for a full-stop.
A couple of days ago on June 30 we did a bunch of landings at Livermore. All them were decent or better, with one of them very good that Steve didn’t feel compelled to give me any instructions.
We started today with steep turns, power-off stall and then a simulated engine-out landing at Byron. On this approach we had quite a bit of altitude to lose. We tried a slip but that didn’t bring us down much because of headwinds. Then we tried S-turns to lose altitude. After 4 landings, we decided to head to New Jerusalem. It was a warm and cloudy day. The density altitude at Tracy was reported as 1600′. Reflecting on the landings at Byron I suggested that maybe extending downwind would have made it easier to land. Steve was emphatic (7:34 into the video) that that was not only necessary but it will provide more opportunities to botch a landing.
On the first landing at New Jerusalem, I came down hard and bounced up quite a bit. I didn’t react quickly so Steve shoved in the throttle (8:24) and did a go around. Rightfully he gave me an earful. The second landing was ok – flared up a little too much but was able to bring the plane down just fine. After two more good landings, Steve endorsed me to fly solo.
It was unnerving to hear Steve ask me to fly solo but once I got into the cockpit and started the preparations, all such nervousness dissipated. During the flight there was so much to mentally manage that there was no time to feel nervous. I felt ready to handle it with all the training I’d received. The first landing was alright but on the second landing I bounced. And bounced high. Thankfully Steve’s words must have stuck in the back of my mind because I immediately pushed the throttle forward and did a go-around. The nose wanted to point way high up with full flaps deployed for the landing and I remember pushing forward hard on the yoke to fly nearly level and build up airspeed before climbing and slowly retracting the flaps a notch at a time. Perhaps I came in too fast and too flat causing the serious bounce. Since I did a go-around, I decided to do two more landings for a total of 4. They were not great but I managed to make them stick. The rest of the flight back home was uneventful.
This unfortunately ended up being my last flight on N25ES. In the following week another member of my flying club flew the plane and while practicing touch-and-go at Livermore bounced hard on a landing. The plane porpoised but the pilot did not attempt a go-around expecting to salvage the landing. The nose gear touched down first and the prop stuck the tarmac. The pilot was fortunately alright. He was a low-time pilot (having recently earned his private pilot’s license on the Cessna 152 and only a couple of hours of experience on the 172) and didn’t realize the seriousness of what had just happened. He did a few more touch-and-go before calling it quits. Later inspection revealed that the tip of one prop had broken off and the firewall had buckled. The plane ended up as a total loss and an insurance claim. The club has started a search for a replacement 172.
PS: In case you are wondering about the title of this blog, check out (9:37) into the pre-solo video.
We started off with Steve handing me stylish eyewear i.e. flying under the hood. After maintaining a heading and then tracking a VOR, I practiced two stalls in the clean configuration and recovery. Using only instruments under the hood. Then I practiced an approach to landing stall. First by initiating a descent, slowing down to 1500rpm and deploying flaps. The idea is to simulate a landing approach. Then pulling up the plane in this configuration and initiating a stall the plane. Recovery is similar to a stall in the call configuration with the exception that we have flaps deployed. So slowly retract flaps step by step when a climb has been achieved.
Next, I practiced slow flight with shallow turns. And then Steve pulled the power out simulating an engine out situation. We scouted a field and when we got pretty low, Steve pushed the throttle and we headed over Byron.
The winds were really strong at 20kts but fortunately it was a headwind on Rwy 23. Still the ride was really bumpy, perhaps the bumpiest of all our flights thus far. We practiced a couple of touch-and-go and then headed to Livermore for a couple more.
On the second touch and go at Livermore, we ballooned after touchdown due to the wind so Steve immediately did a go-around. I wasn’t quick enough to react and this was a good learning experience. After one more landing, we called it quits for the day.
The morning starts off being unusually cold for this time of the year. The temperature was just below 60 degrees F and the ceiling was low at 1600′. Srinath was away at a Boy Scouts Camporee. So I planned to practice touch and go at Livermore and our traffic pattern was to be 1200′ instead of the usual 1400′. Overall, there was no consistency in the landings. Once the plane bounced, another time the landing was a greaser, and the remaining attempts were somewhere in between. On the second touch and go, the airport briefly closed 25R for runway inspection. So we extended our downwind until we got clearance from the tower to turn base. All the while I did not speak a single word on the radio while in flight because my brain was full just focusing on flying the plane.
The key is to remember to use the rudders to keep the plane aligned parallel with the runway. This is because when the plane touches down, the wheels should be parallel to the runway otherwise there will be a twisting moment on the landing gear. While the rudders keep the plane parallel to the runway, ailerons should be used to produce lateral movement if the plane is not on the centerline. This general principle works particularly well in crosswinds. If the rudder keeps the plane parallel the runway, the crosswind is going to push the plane laterally. This is countered by dropping the wing upwind (thus causing the plane to roll into the wind) countering the crosswind. In this landing configuration, the upwind main wheel is going to touch down first. By maintaining the upwind wing down, the plane must roll on the runway for as long as it can and as the speed bleeds off (and consequently the effect of the crosswind dies down), the other main wheel will touch down and eventually the nosegear.
I have been clearly using the rudder to stay on the runway, not to stay parallel to the runway. This is a key distinction. And I have been using the ailerons to keep the wings level. Whenever Steve asked me to step on the right rudder, he was doing so with the intention of keeping me parallel to the runway. But this confused the heck out of me because I was using the rudder to stay on the centerline. Often when Steve asked me to step the right rudder, I would have been stepping on the left because of our very different mental intentions.
The other observation is that the approach should be stabilized. That means 65kts and on the proper glide slope. What you see instead in the video is the nose dancing all over the place requiring constant hands on flying by the PIC. If the approach is stabilized, the landing becomes much more controlled, predictable and repeatable.
Three power off stalls straight ahead attempted. Second one didn’t really stall. On the first one, the wing dropped to the right while entering the stall and I inadvertently corrected through left rudder while also relaxing back pressure to break the stall. Steve formalized this and showed me stalls on a turn on both right and left turns. Stall on a left turn could lead to a spin if one is not careful. I tried a couple of stalls on a right turn before we moved to engine out simulation.
First, trim for a 65kts glide speed. Next, check the usual suspects for why the engine might be out – fuel selector, mixture, magnetos. If you have ruled these out as probable causes, find out the wind direction and quickly scout for a place to land. Preferably land into the wind. We picked out a field that had stubble and eliminated other fields that were green, or had been plowed recently. Since the field was pretty close to where we were, we did a 360 degree turn and after confirming that we would land there comfortably, we pushed the throttle. The track log below ends right after we started climbing out.
Finally, a few touch-and-go’s at Livermore. We were given 25L and left closed traffic after the first landing. I didn’t remember the controller’s instructions and inadvertently turned final for 25R. Steve hurried my turn and fortunately there was nobody else at that time on approach to 25R. On another pattern, the controller asked us to turn crosswind and when I hesitated, Steve banked quickly left. Why we got that instruction is irrelevant but that is exactly what I was analyzing. These were two good lessons in staying vigilant and reacting quickly.
Crosswind from 260 at 16, which later turned more northwesterly. Srinath got to do a bunch of touch and go landings at Livermore. One was a short final in order to land ahead of another aircraft which was on a 6 mile final. With the exception of one, the landings were pretty good or better.
Crab Tales 